Venlafaxine: A Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor for Depression and Anxiety
Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used primarily to treat depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. It enhances the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, which elevates mood, anxiety, and stress.
Mechanism of Action
Venlafaxine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, increasing their availability and enhancing mood and emotional stability. At higher doses, it also inhibits the reuptake of dopamine.
Indications
● Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): For the treatment of depression.
● Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): For the management of chronic anxiety.
● Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): To reduce the symptoms of excessive fear and social avoidance.
● Panic Disorder: For the treatment of panic attacks and related symptoms.
Dosage and Administration
● Adults: Start with 37.5 mg once daily, gradually increasing the dose to 75–225 mg/day, depending on the severity of the condition.
● Pediatric Dosage: Not recommended for children under 18 years due to an increased risk of suicidal thoughts.
Side Effects
● Common: Nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, insomnia, and sweating.
● Serious: Increased blood pressure, suicidal thoughts, serotonin syndrome (symptoms include confusion, agitation, and high body temperature).
Pregnancy Category: Category C – Use with caution during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester.
Common Brands
● Effexor XR
● Venlor