Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA): Medication for Gallstones and Liver Diseases
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a bile acid that helps treat certain types of liver disease, most notably gallstones and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). It is also a metabolic by-product of intestinal bacteria. It improves the flow of bile and decreases the cholesterol content in bile, hence is effective for patients who cannot undergo immediate surgery to remove gallstones.
Mechanism of Action
UDCA works by decreasing the cholesterol content in bile and improving bile flow. It dissolves cholesterol gallstones in certain cases and prevents the formation of new ones. For liver diseases, it has a cytoprotective effect on liver cells, reducing inflammation and fibrosis.
Indications
● Gallstones: Used for the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in patients who cannot undergo surgery.
● Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC): A chronic autoimmune disease that leads to bile duct damage in the liver.
● Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Used to improve liver function and reduce liver fat accumulation.
Dosage and Administration
● Gallstones: Typically, 8-10 mg/kg/day in 2-3 doses for a period of 6 months to 2 years.
● PBC: The usual dose is 13-15 mg/kg/day, in 2-4 divided doses, taken with food depending on weight.
Side Effects
● Common: Diarrhea, stomach discomfort, and nausea.
● Serious: Liver enzyme elevation, allergic reactions, and worsening of liver disease in rare cases.
Pregnancy Category: Category B – Generally considered safe during pregnancy but should only be used when clearly needed.
Common Brands
● Actibile
● Urso 250
● Ursogal
● Udiliv