Immunohistochemistry (IHC) – Unveiling Cellular and Tissue Structures for Diagnosis
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory technique used to detect specific antigens (proteins) in tissues by utilizing antibodies that specifically bind to these targets. This test is widely used in oncology, pathology, and immunology to aid in the diagnosis of various conditions, including cancers and autoimmune disorders.
Indications for Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Test:
● Cancer diagnosis: To identify specific types of cancer, determine the origin of metastatic cancer, and assess tumor characteristics.
● Autoimmune diseases: To detect autoantibodies and diagnose autoimmune disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
● Infectious diseases: To identify bacterial, viral, or fungal infections within tissue samples.
● Histopathological evaluation: To classify tumors or distinguish between different types of cells, such as lymphomas or breast cancer.
How IHC Works:
● Tissue sample preparation: The tissue is fixed onto a slide and treated with an antibody that binds to the specific antigen.
● Detection: The antibody is tagged with a colored dye or enzyme, making the antigen visible under a microscope.
Normal Range:
There is no specific “normal range” for IHC, as it is used for the qualitative identification of antigens. Interpretation depends on the antigen and the context of the disease.
Abnormal Test Significance:
● Positive result: Indicates the presence of a specific antigen or marker, which helps in confirming cancer diagnoses, autoimmune disorders, or infections.
● Negative result: Indicates the absence of a specific antigen but may require further testing for confirmation or additional markers.
Management Based on Results:
● For cancer: IHC results help in determining the type of cancer, which guides treatment decisions like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy.
● For autoimmune diseases: Positive results may support the diagnosis of autoimmune conditions, leading to treatment with immunosuppressants or biologics.
Price in India:
● Approx. ₹5,000 – ₹10,000.
FAQs
What cancers can IHC detect?
IHC is used to detect various cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, and melanoma.
Is IHC only for cancer diagnosis?
No, it is also used to diagnose autoimmune diseases, infections, and to distinguish between different types of tumors.
Disclaimer:
IHC results are best interpreted by a pathologist in conjunction with clinical symptoms and other diagnostic tests.
How HealthPil Can Help:
HealthPil offers access to oncologists and pathologists who can interpret your IHC test results and recommend appropriate treatment or further diagnostic steps.