Metronidazole: The Antibiotic for Anaerobic Infections and GI Disorders
What is Metronidazole?
Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa. It is commonly prescribed for GI infections, vaginal infections, and skin conditions caused by susceptible organisms.
How Metronidazole Works
Metronidazole upon chemical reduction generates free radicals. These free radicals and reduced form of the drug interact with DNA disrupting its synthesis, replication thereby killing anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.
When to Use Metronidazole
● GI Infections: Metronidazole is used to treat infections like Clostridium difficile colitis and giardiasis.
● Vaginal Infections: It is commonly used for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis.
● Skin Infections: Used to treat rosacea and other skin infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.
Dosage
● Adult Dose: Typically, 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 to 8 hours for 7-10 days depending on the infection.
● Pediatric Dose: Dosing depends on the child’s weight and infection type, usually 15-50 mg/kg/day. Maximum daily dose is 2250 mg/day.
Side Effects
● Common Effects: Nausea, metallic taste, headache, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
● Serious Adverse Effects: Seizures, peripheral neuropathy, and liver toxicity with prolonged use.
Common Indian brands: Metrogyl, Flagyl.