Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women across the globe. It develops in the colon or rectum and often starts as polyps that can grow into cancer over time. To diagnose it early on and improve the result of the treatment, it’s important to know everything about its symptoms, screening guidelines, and treatment options.
Red Flags and Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer often doesn’t cause symptoms until it’s advanced. The following red flags could indicate the presence of cancer:
1. Changes in Bowel Habits: This includes persistent diarrhoea, constipation, or a change in stool consistency, especially if it lasts for more than a few days.
2. Blood in Stool or Rectal Bleeding: Blood may appear in the stool or on toilet paper. This should be investigated immediately.
3. Unexplained Weight Loss: Unintentional and sudden weight loss can be a sign of colorectal cancer.
4. Abdominal pain or discomfort: persistent cramps, bloating, or a feeling of fullness could indicate the presence of a tumour.
5. Fatigue: Unexplained tiredness, especially if it’s persistent, may suggest colorectal cancer.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Who Should Get Tested and When?
Early screening is critical to detect colorectal cancer before symptoms develop. Here are the screening guidelines:
1. Colonoscopy: Most effective for colorectal cancer screening. Everyone should start getting colonoscopies at age 45 or earlier if colorectal cancer runs in the family.
2. Stool Tests: Fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) or faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are used to check for hidden blood in the stool, a possible indicator of colorectal cancer.
3. Flexible sigmoidoscopy: This test examines the rectum and lower part of the colon for abnormalities. It may be used as an alternative to colonoscopy in certain cases.
Diagnostic and Screening Tests for Colorectal Cancer
1. Colonoscopy: a process in which a flexible tube that has a camera is placed inside the colon to check for cancer or polyps.
2. Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken from a suspicious area during a colonoscopy to confirm whether cancer cells are present.
3. Imaging Tests: CT scans and MRI can be used to determine the extent of the cancer and check if it has spread.
4. Stool DNA Tests: These tests check for abnormal DNA in stool samples, which can indicate the presence of cancer.
Treatment Options for Colorectal Cancer
Treatment options depend on the stage of cancer, its location, and the patient’s overall health. Common treatments include:
1. Surgery: If the tumor is under control, then surgery is the primary option. It involves removing the tumor or a section of the colon or rectum.
2. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy medications are used to destroy cancer cells and stop the disease from spreading.
3. Radiation Therapy: Radiation is often used in combination with surgery or chemotherapy to target and kill cancerous cells.
4. Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth can be used in certain cases.
5. Immunotherapy: In some cases, immunotherapy can help the body’s immune system fight cancer cells.
Cancer Myths: Busting Common Misconceptions About Colorectal Cancer
1. Myth: Only older adults get colorectal cancer. Fact: While the risk increases with age, colorectal cancer can affect younger individuals, especially those with a family history or genetic predisposition.
2. Myth: Colonoscopies are painful and dangerous. Fact: Colonoscopies are generally painless due to sedation and are a safe, effective method for detecting colorectal cancer.
3. Myth: Blood in stool always means cancer. Fact: Blood in the stool can be caused by various conditions, including hemorrhoids or anal fissures, but it should always be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
How HealthPil Can Help
At HealthPil, we connect you with the best specialists in the field of oncology. If you’re concerned about colorectal cancer or need advice on screenings, treatment options, or second opinions, we’re here to assist you. Our teleconsultation services make it easier than ever to get the care you need.
FAQs: Your Questions About the Colorectal Cancer
What are the early symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Early signs are changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.
Who is at risk for colorectal cancer?
Individuals over 45, those with a family history of colorectal cancer, or people with certain genetic conditions are at higher risk.
How is colorectal cancer diagnosed?
It is diagnosed using colonoscopy, biopsy, imaging tests, and stool DNA tests.
Which treatments are available for colorectal cancer?
Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Can colorectal cancer be prevented?
A good diet, regular screenings, exercise, and quitting smoking can all help lower the risk.
Disclaimer:
The information provided here is for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider for medical advice tailored to your specific condition.
