Nitazoxanide: The Antiprotozoal for Diarrheal Diseases
What is Nitazoxanide?
Nitazoxanide is an antiprotozoal and anthelmintic used to treat infections caused by protozoa like Giardia and Entamoeba histolytica. It is commonly prescribed for diarrheal diseases caused by these parasites.
How Nitazoxanide Works
Nitazoxanide interferes with the anaerobic metabolism of protozoa by inhibiting the enzyme pyruvate oxidoreductase. This disrupts the parasites’ ability to generate energy, leading to their death.
When to Use Nitazoxanide
● Giardiasis: Used to treat Giardia infections, often causing diarrhea and stomach discomfort.
● Amebiasis: Effective against Entamoeba histolytica infections that cause intestinal amoebiasis.
Dosage
● Adult Dose: 500 mg orally every 12 hours for 3 days for Giardia. For Clostridium infection it is given for 7-10 days.
● Pediatric Dose: For children over 1 year, the dose is 100 mg to 200 mg twice daily, based on weight and infection..
Side Effects
● Common Effects: Nausea, abdominal pain, headache, and diarrhea.
● Serious Adverse Effects: Liver toxicity and allergic reactions, including rash and swelling.
Common Indian brands: Nizonide, Netazox.