Oxytocin: The Hormone for Labor and Postpartum Care
What is Oxytocin?
Oxytocin is a hormone that plays a key role in stimulation and reinforcement of labor, childbirth, and breastfeeding. It enhances the uterine contractions during labor and helps in the expulsion of milk during breastfeeding. It is sometimes administered medically to induce labor or manage postpartum bleeding.
How Oxytocin Works
Oxytocin stimulates the uterus to contract by activating the G protein coupled receptors which increases the calcium concentration in the uterine muscles, helping in the delivery of the baby. It also promotes milk ejection by causing the mammary glands to release milk.
When to Use Oxytocin
● Labor Induction: Oxytocin is used to induce or augment labor in women who are at or beyond term or have medical conditions that require early delivery.
● Postpartum Hemorrhage: It is used to control postpartum bleeding by helping the uterus contract after childbirth.
Dosage
● Labor Induction: The usual dose is 0.5 mU/min, increasing gradually up to 20 mU/min, depending on contraction response.
● Postpartum Hemorrhage: Oxytocin is typically administered intravenously at a dose of 10-40 units in 1 L of IV fluids.
Side Effects
● Common Effects: Nausea, vomiting, headache, and uterine cramps.
● Serious Adverse Effects: Uterine rupture, hypertension, and water intoxication with prolonged use.
Common brands: Pitocin, Syntocinon
