Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy: Your Guide to Understanding This Vital Bladder and Urinary Tract Diagnostic Tool

Cystoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to visualise and examine the bladder and urethra. By inserting a small tube with a camera (cystoscope) through the urethra, doctors can identify abnormalities in the bladder and urinary tract, such as bladder infections, tumors, stones, or abnormal growths. It is also used to investigate unexplained urinary symptoms like painful urination, frequent urination, or hematuria (blood in the urine). In this article, we will discuss how a cystoscopy works, when it is used, and what to expect during the procedure.

What is Cystoscopy?

Cystoscopy is a procedure where a flexible or rigid tube called a cystoscope is inserted gently through the urethra to visualize the inside of the bladder and different parts of urethra. It can be used for diagnostic purposes as well as for minor treatments such as removing bladder stones or tumors.

When is Cystoscopy Needed?

Cystoscopy is performed when there are symptoms or conditions that need further investigation:

● Hematuria: Blood in the urine, which may indicate an underlying condition like infection, stones, or cancer.

● Chronic Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).

● Painful urination or urinary retention.

● Bladder cancer screening for high-risk patients.

● Urinary blockages or stones in the bladder.

How is Cystoscopy Performed?

1. Preparation:

● You may be asked to empty your bladder before the procedure. Typically, no fasting is required unless specified by the doctor.

2. The Procedure:

● The patient is asked to lie on their back while a local anesthetic gel is applied to the urethra to numb the area.

● The cystoscope is inserted through the urethra and slowly advanced into the bladder.

● The doctor examines the bladder and urethra for any abnormalities while the images are displayed on a monitor.

3. Post-Procedure:

● After the procedure, you may experience mild discomfort, including a sensation of urgency to urinate, slight burning, or blood-tinged urine.

● These symptoms typically resolve within a few hours.

Interpreting Cystoscopy Results

● Normal Results: The bladder and urethra appear healthy with no visible abnormalities.

● Abnormal Results: Possible findings include bladder tumors, infections, stones, or inflammation. In such cases, further tests like biopsy, imaging, or urine cultures may be required.

Benefits of Cystoscopy

● Accurate Diagnosis: Provides clear visualization of the bladder and urethra, aiding in the diagnosis of difficult-to-detect conditions.

● Minimal Invasive: Less invasive than other diagnostic techniques such as surgery.

● Treatment Potential: Allows for minor treatments like stone removal, biopsy, or tissue ablation during the same procedure.