In India, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of death and one of the most prevalent cancers across the globe. Improved survival rates depend on early detection and prevention. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and available treatment options is essential for everyone, particularly individuals over 50 or those with a family history of the disease.
What is Colorectal Cancer?
The term colorectal cancer describes cancer that begins in the colon or rectum. Polyps are tiny growths on the colon’s or rectum’s inner lining that give rise to the majority of colorectal malignancies. Over time, some of these polyps may turn cancerous. Early-stage CRC may not show symptoms, so regular screenings are vital for early detection.
Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer:
● Change in Bowel Habits: Persistent diarrhoea or constipation or a change in the shape of stools.
● Rectal Bleeding: Blood present in the stool, which may appear bright red or dark.
● Abdominal Discomfort: Pain, bloating, or cramping, especially after meals.
● Unexplained Weight Loss: Major weight loss that can not be explained with workouts or nutrition.
● Fatigue: Experiencing unusual weakness or fatigue, which may be caused by internal bleeding-related anaemia.
Risk Factors:
1.Age: Individuals over the age of 50 are at higher risk for colorectal cancer, although the disease can occur at younger ages, particularly in individuals with a family history.
2.Family History: A family history of colorectal cancer or polyps increases the likelihood of developing CRC.
3.Diet: A low-fibre diet that is heavy in processed and red meats increases the risk.
4.Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Long-term illnesses such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can increase the risk.
5.Genetic Mutations: Inherited conditions like Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
Treatment Options:
1. Surgery:
● Resection: The tumour and a portion of the surrounding tissue are removed.
● Colostomy: Sometimes, part of the colon may be removed, requiring a colostomy for waste elimination.
2.Chemotherapy: Used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours, especially after surgery, to prevent recurrence.
3. Radiation Therapy: Often used for rectal cancer to shrink tumours before surgery or treat any remaining cancer after surgery.
4. Targeted Therapy: Cetuximab targets specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth and survival.
FAQs
What are the chances of survival with colorectal cancer?
Early-stage colorectal cancer has a high survival rate, with a 5-year survival rate of over 90%. However, survival rates drop significantly for advanced stages.
Can colorectal cancer be prevented?
Yes, definitely! Maintain a healthy weight, avoid smoking, limit alcohol intake, eat a well-balanced diet and get regular screening (colonoscopy).
Disclaimer:
This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalised recommendations.
How HealthPil Can Help:
HealthPil connects you with specialists who can provide colorectal cancer screening and help design personalised treatment plans. Schedule your consultation today!
