Ciprofloxacin belongs to the group of fluoroquinolone antibiotics used for treating numerous bacterial infections. It is effective against both gram-negative and positive bacteria and is commonly prescribed for respiratory tract, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal infections. Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication, which prevents bacterial growth.
Common Indications of Ciprofloxacin
● Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
● Respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, bronchitis)
● Gastrointestinal infections (traveller’s diarrhea)
● Skin and soft tissue infections
● Bone and joint infections
● Anthrax (post-exposure)
Dosage and Routes
● UTIs: 250-500 mg orally, twice daily.
● Respiratory Infections: 500-750 mg orally, twice daily.
● Traveler’s Diarrhea: 500 mg orally, twice daily for 3 days.
● Skin Infections: 500-750 mg orally, twice daily.
● Anthrax (Post-exposure): 500 mg orally, twice daily for 60 days.
Ciprofloxacin is available in oral (tablets and suspension) and intravenous forms, with dosage adjusted based on the severity of infection.
Adverse Reactions of Ciprofloxacin
● Nausea and diarrhoea
● Tendonitis and tendon rupture (black box warning)
● QT interval prolongation
● Photosensitivity (sensitivity to sunlight)
● Headache and dizziness
● Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (C. diff)
Contraindications of Ciprofloxacin
● Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
● History of previous tendon disorders (tendinitis) related to fluoroquinolone use.
● Myasthenia gravis (can exacerbate muscle weakness).
● Patients with a history of QT prolongation.
Effect on Pregnancy, Liver, and Kidney
● Pregnancy: Ciprofloxacin is generally avoided during pregnancy due to potential risks to the developing fetus, though it may be used if no safer alternatives are available (FDA category C).
● Liver: Ciprofloxacin can lead to liver dysfunction, particularly in patients with pre-existing liver disease. Liver function should be regularly monitored during extended use.
● Kidney: Dose modifications are required in patients with renal impairment since ciprofloxacin is primarily excreted by the kidneys.
Popular Brand Names of Ciprofloxacin
● India: Cifran, Ciplox
● US: Cipro, Proquin XR
How Our Platform Helps
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Disclaimer
This information is intended for educational purposes and is not an alternative for medical advice. Do not take Ciprofloxacin without consulting a healthcare provider.