The Zika virus test is a diagnostic test used to detect infection with the Zika virus, a mosquito-borne virus that can cause a range of symptoms, from mild fever to severe neurological complications, particularly in pregnant women. The Zika virus infection can cause serious birth defects like microcephaly and neurological deficits in newborns, making early detection very important for managing the disease and preventing complications.
Indications for Zika Virus Test:
● Fever, rash, and joint pain: For individuals showing symptoms such as fever, rash, and joint pain, particularly after traveling to areas where the virus is endemic (such as parts of South America, Southeast Asia, and Africa).
● Pregnant women: For pregnant women who have been exposed to the Zika virus, as the virus can cause serious complications such as microcephaly and other birth defects in the fetus.
● Neurological symptoms: In individuals presenting with neurological symptoms, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, which has been associated with Zika infection.
● Travel history: For individuals who have traveled to areas with active Zika virus transmission and are showing symptoms compatible with the virus.
How Zika Virus Test Works:
The Zika virus test typically involves testing either blood, urine, or saliva samples to detect Zika virus RNA, antibodies, or antigens. There are two main types of Zika virus tests:
● PCR Test (Polymerase Chain Reaction): This test detects Zika virus RNA in blood or urine samples. It is most effective during the acute phase of infection, usually within the first 1-2 weeks of symptom onset.
● Serology Test: This test looks for antibodies to the Zika virus in the blood, indicating either a current infection(IgM antibodies) or past exposure (IgG antibodies). Serology tests are useful when PCR testing is no longer effective (after the acute phase of infection).
Normal Range:
● Negative result: No evidence of Zika virus infection (no RNA, antibodies, or antigens detected).
● Positive result: Detection of Zika virus RNA (indicating current infection) or Zika antibodies (indicating past exposure or recent infection).
Abnormal Test Significance:
● Positive PCR result: Indicates an active Zika virus infection, particularly useful for diagnosing acute infections in the early stages of illness.
● Positive IgM result: Suggests a recent infection, especially if the person has had symptoms like rash and fever.
● Positive IgG result: Indicates past exposure to the virus or an old infection, and is useful for determining immunity status.
In pregnant women with positive Zika virus test results, it requires further evaluation and close monitoring to assess the risk to the fetus, as Zika virus infection can cause serious birth defects.
Price in India:
The test approximately costs around ₹2,500 – ₹7,000, although it varies according to the type of test (PCR or Serology) and the laboratory conducting it.
Frequently Asked Questions
How soon after infection can the Zika virus be detected?
The PCR test is most effective during the first two weeks after symptoms appear, as it detects Zika virus RNA. After that, the serology test is typically used to detect antibodies.
Can a Zika virus infection during pregnancy harm the baby?
Yes, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can lead to birth defects, including microcephaly, which is a condition where a baby’s head is much smaller than expected. It can also cause neurological complications.
What happens if I test positive for the Zika virus?
If you test positive for the Zika virus, you may need further tests, especially if you are pregnant. Monitoring and follow-up care with a healthcare provider are essential, especially to assess any potential risks to the baby.
